{"id":1743,"date":"2017-10-10T09:27:52","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T07:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lopanner.com\/vda\/?page_id=1743"},"modified":"2019-10-30T08:30:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T07:30:31","slug":"mulini","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lopanner.com\/vda\/mulini\/","title":{"rendered":"Mulini"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ background_image=”https:\/\/www.lopanner.com\/vda\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/foto-mulini.jpg” custom_padding=”120px||0px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”40px||40px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”30px||30px||true|false” z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” fb_built=”1″ bb_built=”1″ _i=”0″ _address=”0″][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ fb_built=”1″ bb_built=”1″ _i=”1″ _address=”1″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”32px|0px|15px|0px” locked=”off” _i=”0″ _address=”1.0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.0.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”MULINI” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font_size=”40px” z_index_tablet=”500″ header_font_size_phone=”25px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” _i=”0″ _address=”1.0.0.0″]<\/p>\n

MULINI<\/strong><\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”I mulini attivi in Valle d’Aosta” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” _i=”1″ _address=”1.0.0.1″]<\/p>\n

I mulini attivi in Valle d’Aosta
<\/strong><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”3.29.2″ custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||” custom_width_px=”1041px” locked=”off” _i=”1″ _address=”1.1″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”AYAS” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Ayas” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.0.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.1.0.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino di Lignod<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.1.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”AYMAVILLES” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Aymavilles” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” hover_enabled=”0″ border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.1.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ hover_enabled=”0″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.1.1.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino di Ozein<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”1.1.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”champorcher” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Champorcher” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.1.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.1.1.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino Danna di Le Moulin<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”3.29.2″ custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||” custom_width_px=”1041px” locked=”off” _i=”2″ _address=”1.2″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.2.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Challand-Saint-Anselme” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Challand-Saint-Anselme” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.2.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.1.2.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino di Ruv\u00e8re<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.2.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”La Magdeleine” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”La Magdeleine” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.2.1.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.2.1.1″]<\/p>\n

catena di 8 mulini<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”1.2.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Saint-Pierre” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Saint-Pierre” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.2.2.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.2.2.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino di Rossan<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”3.29.2″ custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||” custom_width_px=”1041px” locked=”off” _i=”3″ _address=”1.3″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.3.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Saint-Marcel” alt=”Allein” image_max_width=”none” admin_label=”Saint-Marcel” module_id=”forni” _builder_version=”3.29.2″ header_font=”|||on|” header_font_size=”22″ background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”10px||||false|true” border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.3.2.0″][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.2″ _i=”1″ _address=”1.3.2.1″]<\/p>\n

mulino di Seissogne<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.3.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”1.3.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”3.29.2″ custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||” custom_width_px=”1041px” locked=”off” _i=”4″ _address=”1.4″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.4.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.4.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”1.4.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”31.9531px|0px|0px|0px” _i=”5″ _address=”1.5″][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.5.0″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.5.0.0″]<\/p>\n

\nI mulini a grano<\/strong><\/p>\n

Piccoli e discreti, i mulini a grano valdostani di una volta si nascondevano nelle pieghe delle montagne, nei valloni, sul bordo dei torrenti. Ma perch\u00e9 non si vedono pi\u00f9?<\/p>\n

Perch\u00e9 non hanno quattro ali maestose come i mulini a vento di Don Chisciotte e, soprattutto, perch\u00e9 la ruota orizzontale che aziona il mulino \u00e8, molto spesso, invisibile, contrariamente a quella del Mulino Bianco, alla ruota verticale dell\u2019immagine disegnata su tutti i pacchi di quei biscotti che abbiamo tanto mangiato dalla nostra infanzia!<\/p>\n

Ma, allora, dov\u2019\u00e8 la ruota motrice? Dov\u2019\u00e8 il torbeillet?<\/p>\n

\u00c8 proprio sotto l\u2019edificio del mulino, in legno, una volta, o in metallo, molto spesso a partire dal XX secolo. Questa ruota motrice \u00e8 orizzontale e riceve un piccolo getto d\u2019acqua che, grazie a una forte caduta, concentra una grande forza sulle palette della ruota o sulle cucchiaie. Tale tecnica \u00e8 adattata alle regioni montuose dove non piove molto. Si incontrano questi piccoli mulini a turbina orizzontale dall\u2019Himalaya alle Alpi, con un\u2019incursione nell\u2019Atlante, in Marocco dunque.<\/p>\n

Essa permette di sfruttare l\u2019energia di piccoli corsi d\u2019acqua, anche intermittenti. Certo, l\u2019acqua \u00e8 preziosa per l\u2019agricoltura e soprattutto per far crescere l\u2019erba necessaria agli allevamenti, ma l\u2019acqua trasportata dai torrenti e dai ruscelli, nel periodo in cui non \u00e8 necessario irrigare i prati, era messa a profitto in autunno dai mulini.<\/p>\n

Il piccolo edificio misura solo 10 m2 e assomiglia molto spesso a una casetta , con una porta e una finestrella sulla facciata anteriore, un tetto a uno spiovente o due, ma, sotto il pavimento della stanza principale, passa un ruscello, chiamato sovente il ru muneresse ed \u00e8 lui ad azionare la ruota, il torbeillet, che girando aziona una sbarra verticale in ferro che passa pi\u00f9 su nel meccanismo del mulino.<\/p>\n

Per economizzare la forza dell\u2019acqua, le consorterie dei villaggi costruivano talvolta questi mulini in serie. A La Magdeleine, si succedevano otto mulini sul pendio e approfittavano tutti della medesima acqua. A Lignod di Ayas, ce n\u2019erano quattro. Ogni villaggio un po\u2019 grande ne possedeva almeno uno.<\/p>\n

I mulini comportano due macine in pietra che triturano il grano: quella sotto non si muove, mentre quella sopra gira, messa in moto direttamente dall\u2019asse verticale in ferro che proviene dalla piccola ruota orizzontale.<\/p>\n

Nella piccola stanza dove si macina il grano, la macchina sembra complessa, ma \u00e8 semplice: si versa da sopra il grano (segale, frumento, orzo, avena) in una tramoggia, una gerla in legno, con un buco in fondo, che versa piano piano i cereali in una specie di scodella che si agita con il movimento del mulino e lascia cadere il grano, un chicco dopo l\u2019altro, sulla macina inferiore. La macina di sopra, azionata dal torbeillet, gira, gira, e il grano si infila tra le due macine. Poco alla volta \u00e8 schiacciato e si trasforma in farina. Tutto qui! Con la farina si potr\u00e0 fare la pasta per il pane e accendere il forno del villaggio.<\/p>\n

CLAUDINE REMACLE<\/p>\n

Associazione Italiana degli Amici dei Mulini Storici\u00a0<\/strong>
\nwww.aiams.eu\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.5.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ border_style=”solid” _i=”0″ _address=”1.5.1.0″]<\/p>\n

\nLes moulins \u00e0 grains<\/strong><\/p>\n

Petits et discrets, les moulins \u00e0 grains vald\u00f4tains d\u2019autrefois se nichaient dans les replis des montagnes, dans les vallons, au bord des torrents. Mais pourquoi ne les voit-on plus\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Parce qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas quatre ailes majestueuses comme les moulins \u00e0 vent de Don Quichotte et, surtout, parce que la roue horizontale qui actionne le moulin est, le plus souvent, invisible, contrairement \u00e0 celle du Mulino Bianco, \u00e0 la roue verticale de l\u2019image dessin\u00e9e sur tous les paquets de biscuits que l\u2019on a tant mang\u00e9s depuis notre enfance\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Mais, alors, o\u00f9 est la roue motrice\u00a0? O\u00f9 est lo torbeillet\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Il est sous le b\u00e2timent m\u00eame du moulin, en bois, autrefois, ou en m\u00e9tal, tr\u00e8s souvent depuis le XXe si\u00e8cle. Cette roue motrice est horizontale et re\u00e7oit un petit jet d\u2019eau qui, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une forte chute, concentre une grande force sur les palettes de la roue ou sur les augets en forme de cuill\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Cette technique est adapt\u00e9e aux r\u00e9gions de montagne o\u00f9 il ne pleut pas beaucoup. On rencontre ces petits moulins \u00e0 turbine horizontale de l\u2019Himalaya aux Alpes, en faisant un d\u00e9tour par l\u2019Atlas, donc par le Maroc. Elle permet d\u2019exploiter l\u2019\u00e9nergie de petits cours d\u2019eau, m\u00eame intermittents. Bien s\u00fbr, l\u2019eau est pr\u00e9cieuse pour l\u2019agriculture et surtout pour faire pousser l\u2019herbe n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage, mais l\u2019eau transport\u00e9e par les torrents et par les ruisseaux, pendant la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 il n\u2019y a pas besoin d\u2019irriguer les pr\u00e9s, \u00e9tait mise \u00e0 profit en automne par les moulins.<\/p>\n

Le petit b\u00e2timent mesure seulement 10 m2 et il ressemble le plus souvent \u00e0 une petite maison, avec une porte et une petite fen\u00eatre sur la fa\u00e7ade avant, un toit \u00e0 un ou deux versants, mais, en dessous du plancher de la pi\u00e8ce principale, passe un ruisseau, appel\u00e9 souvent le ru muneresse et c\u2019est lui qui actionne la roue, lo torbeillet, qui en tournant actionne une barre verticale en fer qui passe en haut dans le m\u00e9canisme du moulin.<\/p>\n

Pour \u00e9conomiser la force de l\u2019eau, les consorteries des villages construisaient parfois ces moulins en s\u00e9rie. A La Magdeleine, huit moulins se succ\u00e9daient sur la pente et profitaient tous de la m\u00eame eau. A Lignod d\u2019Ayas, il y en avait quatre. Chaque gros village en poss\u00e9dait au moins un.<\/p>\n

Les moulins comportent deux meules en pierre qui broient les grains : celle du dessous ne bouge pas, tandis que celle du dessus tourne, mise en mouvement directement par l\u2019axe vertical en fer qui provient de la petite roue horizontale.<\/p>\n

Dans la pi\u00e8ce unique o\u00f9 se moud le grain, la machine semble complexe, mais elle est simple\u00a0: on verse au-dessus le grain (seigle, froment, orge, avoine) dans une tr\u00e9mie, une hotte en bois, trou\u00e9e au fond, qui verse tout doucement les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales dans une esp\u00e8ce d\u2019\u00e9cuelle qui s\u2019agite avec le mouvement du moulin et qui laisse s\u2019\u00e9chapper les grains, un grain apr\u00e8s l\u2019autre, qui tombent sur la meule du dessous. Actionn\u00e9e par le torbeillet, la meule du dessus, tourne, tourne et les grains s\u2019enfilent entre les deux meules. Ils sont \u00e9cras\u00e9s petit \u00e0 petit et se transforment en farine.<\/p>\n

La farine glisse entre les meules et coule dans un petit tuyau qui la verse dans un arts\u00f3n au pied du moulin. Tout est l\u00e0\u00a0! On pourra, avec elle, faire la p\u00e2te pour le pain et allumer le four du village.<\/p>\n

CLAUDINE REMACLE , architecte rurale<\/p>\n

Association italienne des Amis des Moulins historiques\u00a0<\/strong>
\nwww.aiams.eu\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

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